/*  Integer variables store whole numbers,
 *  like things that you want to count, or
 *  other such things. The syntax for this
 *  is as follows:    */

int bathroomVisits;
int doreensAge = 19;
/* The following line declares an integer
 * that is twice as big as a regular int. */
long int stevesAge;

/* Incidentally, this is a "comment". It's 
 * not read by the C compiler, and so it's 
 * used to help the person who's reading the
 * code understand what you're trying to do.
 * You have to do LOTS of these in your 
 * assignments, otherwise we take off many,
 * many marks :(   */
 
/* Non-integer values are stored in "floating-
 * point" numbers. These can store decimal 
 * values up to a certain point, depending on
 * whether you declare the variable as a float
 * or a double.  */
 float pi = 3.1415927;
 double e = 2.71;
 double haotiansAge = pi + e;
 
 /* The following operation is called "casting".
  * It occurs when you want to tell the compiler
  * to ignore the different types, and try to
  * convert the variable on the right to be the 
  * type specified in the parentheses.
  * NOTE: This does not work in all situations.
  *       Don't try this at home.  */
 int henry = (int) haotiansAge;
 /* Haotian's age will not be affected by this.
  * Henry's age will be 5. Why? Truncation. */
 
 /* A few notes about variables:
  * - Variables are "case-sensitive". So the 
  *   variable "stevesAge" is different from
  *   the variable "StevesAge".
  * - Variables can be declared without an
  *   initial value. In that case, the variable
  *   is stored with a default value of "zero".  */
 
 /* Characters store...well...characters.
  * Letters, numbers, symbols, everything really.
  * For instance:   */
char robsMiddleInitial = 's';
/* Characters are declared in a similar way to 
 * integers and floating point numbers, except 
 * that they need single quotes around them, 
 * to distinguish them from variable names.  */
char davidsMiddleInital = '9';
char willysMiddleInitial = (char) bathroomVisits;

/* Data can be stored in either "literals" or 
 * "variables". Literals are single, unchangeable
 * values, like 3.14, 's', and so on. Variables 
 * are just labels, and can be assigned many
 * values over the course of a single program. */

/* boolean values store true/false values. We'll
 * get to these later, when we talk about expressions */